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Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
How is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed?
Today, the only definite way to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease is to find out whether
there are plaques and tangles in brain tissue. To look at brain
tissue, however, doctors must usually wait until they do an autopsy,
which is an examination of the body done after a person dies. Therefore,
doctors can only make a diagnosis of "possible" or "probable"
Alzheimer's Disease while the person is still alive.
At specialized centers, doctors can diagnose Alzheimer's Disease correctly up to
90 percent of the time. Doctors use several tools to diagnose "probable"
Alzheimer's Disease, including:
- questions about the person's general health, past medical problems,
and ability to carry out daily activities;
- tests to measure memory, problem solving, attention, counting,
and language;
- medical tests - such as tests of blood, urine, or spinal fluid;
and
- brain scans.
Sometimes these test results help the doctor find other possible
causes of the person's symptoms. For example, thyroid problems,
drug reactions, depression, brain tumors, and blood vessel disease
in the brain can cause Alzheimer's Disease-like symptoms. Some of these other conditions
can be treated successfully.
What is the outlook for someone diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease?
The course the disease takes and how fast changes occur vary from
person to person. On average, Alzheimer's Disease patients live from 8 to 10 years
after they are diagnosed, though the disease can last for as many
as 20 years.
Why is early diagnosis important?
An early, accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease helps patients and their families
plan for the future. It gives them time to discuss care options
while the patient can still take part in making decisions. Early
diagnosis also offers the best chance to treat the symptoms of the
disease.
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